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Introduction to TypeScript: A Beginner-Friendly Guide

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing to the language. It helps developers write more robust, scalable, and maintainable code by catching errors early during development. This guide introduces TypeScript in a simple, natural way.


What is TypeScript?

TypeScript is a programming language developed by Microsoft. It builds on JavaScript by adding optional static typing and other useful features. TypeScript files have a .ts extension and are compiled into JavaScript to run in the browser or on a server.


Why Use TypeScript?

  1. Static Typing: Ensures variables, function arguments, and return types are explicitly defined.
  2. Enhanced Tooling: Offers better autocompletion, refactoring tools, and error checking.
  3. Scalability: Makes maintaining large codebases easier.
  4. Compatibility: Fully compatible with JavaScript libraries and code.

Setting Up TypeScript

1. Install Node.js and npm

Download and install Node.js to use the Node Package Manager (npm).

2. Install TypeScript

Run the following command to install TypeScript globally:

npm install -g typescript

3. Verify Installation

Check the TypeScript version:

tsc --version

Writing Your First TypeScript Program

Step 1: Create a File

Create a file named hello.ts.

Step 2: Write the Code

// hello.ts

function greet(name: string): string {
    return `Hello, \${name}!`;
}

const message = greet("World");
console.log(message);

Step 3: Compile TypeScript to JavaScript

Compile the TypeScript file into JavaScript using the tsc command:

tsc hello.ts

This generates a hello.js file.

Step 4: Run the JavaScript File

Run the generated JavaScript file:

node hello.js

Key Features Demonstrated

  1. Static Typing: The name parameter in the greet function is explicitly defined as a string.
  2. Template Literals: String interpolation is used to construct the greeting message.
  3. Compilation: TypeScript code is transpiled into plain JavaScript for execution.

Next Steps

The next article will cover:

  • Type annotations in detail.
  • Working with interfaces and types.
  • Using TypeScript with modern JavaScript features.

Stay tuned for the next article to continue learning TypeScript!

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